Review Of An Unsettling Influence Of Memory On The...

The intended target for this literature review is school aged children which are 6-12 years of age. No specific race or socioeconomic class. This is intended for the United States, but not limited to one state. Gender does not matter; however, data shows girls are more likely than boys to be the target group for this specific topic. The mental investigation into DID has a generally long history. Freud (1936), in a paper titled An unsettling influence of Memory on the Acropolis, made reference to double still, small voice. The Acropolis is known today for its ruinous condition following quite a while of plundering and devastation, a well-suited illustration for the mental condition of people with DID. Citing Freud (1936): An astounding thought all of a sudden entered my psyche: So this truly exist, generally as scholarly in school! To depict the circumstance all the more precisely, the individual that offered expression of the comment was isolated, much more forcefully than was normally recognizable, from someone else who look cognizance of the comment; both were dumbfounded, however not by the same thing (Waiess, 2006). Freud portrayed his inclination as derealization. He trusted that derealization had two structures. In the first frame the subject feels either that a bit of reality or that his very own bit self is unusual to him. In the recent case we talk about depersonalization ; derealizations and depersonalizations are personally joined. He went ahead to say

The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe - 986 Words

â€Å"I smiled, for what had I to fear? I bade the gentlemen welcome. The shriek, I said, was my own in a dream.† The Tell Tale Heart is one of Edger Allan Poe’s most famous and creepiest stories. The premise of this gothic short story is that a man’s own insanity gives him away as a murderer. By using the narrators own thoughts as the story Poe displays the mental instability and the unique way of creating a gothic fiction. While other stories written by Poe reflect this same gothic structure and questionable sanity, this story has a unique way of making the reader walk away from the story with an uncomfortable feeling. The mental struggles the narrator faces might as well reflect the depression and other psychological issues Edgar Allan Poe was confronted with in his own life. To begin, by using the perspective of third person Poe creates an insight into the brain of a murderer and quite possibly the mind of a psychopath. There are many arguments to be mad e that the main character is mentally ill. The first of these being his reasoning behind killing the old man. â€Å"†¦I found the eye always closed; and so it was impossible to do the work; for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye.† It can be interpreted that the narrator killed this old man because of the hate of the way one of his eyes looked. While many of us can relate to the uncomfortable feeling an odd looking facial feature or limb can make us feel, the idea of killing because of this abnormalShow MoreRelatedThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1161 Words   |  5 PagesOut of a vast quantity of these English historians, one stood out to me, his name is Edgar Allan Poe. Poe’s writing had its own unique gothic and horror style. The story, The Tell-Tale Heart is one of his very popular pieces of literature, it not only tells a story, but uses Poe’s unique style of writing to silently incorporate different genres, themes, and sym bolism to create a sub-story within the text itself. Poe was born in Boston Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. At the young age of just 2 yearsRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1569 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† author Edgar Allan Poe employs several literary devices such as symbolism, allegory, and imagery. These devices enable us to see and better comprehend the story’s events through the eyes of the narrator. The narrator explains that he is extremely nervous but clarifies that he is not insane; he even goes so far as to share an event from his past to prove that he is not crazy. He believes that he loves the old man and has nothing against him except his horribleRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1477 Words   |  6 Pagesyourself and others that you weren’t in the wrong for doing something bad? Well, the narrator in the story The Tell-Tale Heart does. Edgar Allan Poe is known to write stories that are of Dark Romanticism. Dark romanticism is a literary genre that showcases gothic stories that portray torture, insanity, murder, and revenge. The story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is no different. Edgar Allan Poe does a great job with making the readers wonder throughout this short story. This allegory makes reader’s questionsRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe author Edgar Allan Poe created a beautiful writing piece called â€Å"Tell Tale Heart†, which included literal elements such as mood, tone, and point of view. The story included a tremulous mood for the reader to be able to feel the excitement of the story. According to the text â€Å"Tell Tale Heart†, it states â€Å"And now at the dead hour of the night, amid the dreadful silence of that old house, so strange a noise as this excited me to uncontrollable terror.† This illustrates that the details of the storyRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1133 Words   |  5 Pages Written in 1843, The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe incorporates nearly all of the gothic elements. While this piece of art may not contain all of the gothic elements, it is the epitome of a gothic short story. In The Tell-Tale Heart, the setting seems to be inside an old house, which strengthens the atmosphere of mystery and suspense. The madness and overall insanity of the narrator illustrates the sense of high, overwrought emotion. The presence of creaking hinges and the darkness representRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1644 Words   |  7 Pages Edgar Allan Poe was a prominent American writer whose writing reflected his tragic life. He began to sell short stories for profit after being forced to leave United States Military Academy for lack of financial support. Over the next decade, Poe published some of his best-known works, including The Fall of the House of Usher (1839), The Raven (1845), and The Cask of Amontillado (1846). It is in these stories that Po e established his unique dark writing style that often have the recurring themeRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1030 Words   |  5 PagesA Guilty- Mad Heart â€Å"Burduck then goes on to ponder how Poe used cultural anxieties and psychological panic to advantage.† (Grim Phantasms, G.A. Cevasco). In The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe, a nameless man narrates the story of how he murdered an elderly man because of his eyes. In his short story The Tell-Tale Heart, Poe shows the themes of guilt and the descent into madness through the narrator, in this gothic horror story. Edgar Allan Poe wrote many gothic tales throughout his lifeRead MoreThe Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe879 Words   |  4 PagesIn between guilt, paranoia and obsession The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe uses several literary elements to support the themes of the story. The story is based on a gruesome murder of an old man. The author uses madness, obsession and guilt as themes to prove how the narrator is truly twisted and insane. Madness is the first theme of the story; in the beginning the narrator tries to convince the audience he is not mad (insane). â€Å"TRUE!... nervous very, very nervous I had been and am; but whyRead MoreA Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Poe1156 Words   |  5 Pagescontain some level of madness. For example in the short stories â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by Edgar Allan Poe, both of the main character in these stories believe that they are perfectly wise, but their out of control behaviors proves that they’re mentally ill or to be more specific insane. In the short story â€Å"A tell-tale heart† the unknown narrator is telling us a story about his neighbor who is an old man but his of a vulture: blue pale eye is whatRead MoreThe Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe1136 Words   |  5 Pagesmotivated by the hatred of the eye in this story. The story gives characteristics that fit the profile of a murderer such as the opening sentence, â€Å"TRUE! - Nervous - very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad?† (POE). The narrator believes he is not mad, and thinks that this nervousness is simply caused by being hypersensitive proving his sanity. I felt as though throughout the story, the narrator is trying to convince the reader that he is perfectly sane and not

Theme of Deception free essay sample

Theme of Deception Deception is a concept that has a very obvious form, but also a very in depth form. In the play A Streetcar Named Desire the theme of deception weaves its way into the main story line in two major ways; The obvious one being Stanley Kowalski’s lying and the underlying deception that goes on inside of Blanche DuBois’s mind. Stanley Kowalski is the perfect example of a deceptive person. He tries to present himself as an honest, loving husband when he is everything but. In reality, Stanley is a lying, unfaithful, and abusive husband to his wife Stella. In fact, he has Stella wrapped around his finger. So much so that she overlooks his drunken abusiveness and makes herself believe that that is really what love is. One interprets Stanley’s unfaithfulness by his willingness to rape Blanche. If he is so willing to have sex with his wife’s own sister, then it is easily determined that he has no problem sleeping with other women when he is away from home weeks at a time. We will write a custom essay sample on Theme of Deception or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page And how can one forget his biggest deception of all? The fact that he did in fact rape Blanche but lies to Stella about it and makes her sister seem unnecessarily crazy. Although Stanley’s ways seem to take the front seat in the deception department, it is, however, not the biggest deception portrayed in the play. The most deceit shown in the play is that going on in Blanche’s own mind. The most lying that Blanche does is not with others but with herself. Blanche goes through a traumatic experience at a very young age and to protect her mind and her heart she shields herself from the harsh realities of the world. Her self-deception comes with her inability to let reality overcome her fantasies. At a certain point Blanche does reveal to Mitch that she fibs about her life because she â€Å"refuses to accept the hand that fate has dealt her. † By that, she means she does not wish to accept the fact that the boy she was once in love with was gay and ultimately killed himself because of her. It made her feel guilty and undesirable while led to her obsession with youth and wanting to be loved by another man. Lying to herself and to others allows her to make life appear as it should be rather than as it is. When Stanley refuses to â€Å"have the wool pulled over his eyes† and believe Blanche’s lies, she is not sure how to deal with facing the reality of what her life has actually become. As most know, deception always leads in disasters and heartbreak. Stanley’s deception will ultimately lead to an unhappy marriage and possibly an unhappy life, while Blanche’s deception goes far deeper than that. As her realization of what she has been doing to herself is called to her attention it only pushes herself farther into her dream world for it is also too painful for her to cope with. At the end of the play Blanche seems to have totally gone into a state of insanity when she leaves the objective world behind in order to avoid accepting reality. She walks away with the doctor seeming to be happy about what her future holds only because she is not fully aware of what will really happen to her. Blanche’s final, deluded happiness confirms, to some extent, fantasy is an important force at play in every individual’s experience, despite reality’s inevitable triumph. The most deceit that Blanche dealt with was her own which one can only believe will lead to her death.

What has been the impact of technological change on workers

Introduction In the recent years, much focus has been directed at the impact of technological change on the workforce. Such technological change or innovations include industrial robots, CAD (Computer Assisted Design), manufacturing systems that are very flexible, CAM (Computer Assisted Manufacturing), and communication systems that are highly advanced to mention but a few.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What has been the impact of technological change on workers? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These technologies often sell-out in low cost and yet powerful microelectronics devices capable of increasing productivity both in industrial production as well as office tasks. The appeal of such technologies is widespread and is being used throughout the universe (Caselli, 1999, p. 102). Even so, there are differing views about the implications of technological change in regard to employment. A number of analysts are of the opinion that there is an unprecedented acceleration in the pace of technological change. This rapid change according to some experts has culminated to loss of jobs for thousands of workers both in offices and plants, especially the introduction of innovations that are geared towards laborsaving. There is a consensus among these experts that the recent technological changes represent a sharp contrast from changes that took place in the past, adding that there is an urgent need to design measures for purposes of upholding job security. Other analysts, on the other hand, emphasize that there are numerous benefits that are brought about by technological change to all groups within the general public (Katz Murphy, 1992, p. 35). To them, changes are not revolutionary but rather they are more evolutionary in nature and as such technological change and technology in general generate more jobs contrary to beliefs that technology reduces job opportunities. It is without a doubt that t echnology and technological advancement have had the most profound consequence particularly on varying the duties and responsibilities that human beings perform in their professions. There has been a long speculation by economist on how technological changed affects both the relative demand for various types of labor force as well as the total demand for labor force in general. It has become a consensus among economist and commentators in the recent years that the demand for labor has been greatly affected by technological changes. Such technical change has resulted in a decrease in the demand for unskilled and less-skilled labor, and an increase in the demand for skilled labor. Consequently, future prospects of employment opportunities for the less skilled labor force are buried (Levy Murnane, 2003, p.43).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is worth noting that there is a general consensus among commentators regarding the current technological changes that such changes has opened up better possibilities for the future. As a matter of fact, the change in technology especially at workplaces has increased productivity which in turn has added enormous value to various states. Even though technological changes have brought with it numerous benefits and value to different states, such value has been achieved at a cost. Discussion It is worth noting from the onset that evaluating the impact of technological change is very multifaceted. This may be so since changes in technology are affected by, and interact with, patterns of consumption, international competition, changes in output, and other aspects. What is clear however, is the fact that there exist a relationship between technological change and employment. In many industries, the pace of introducing technological change seems to be accelerating. These industries are introducing new technologies in an e ffort to modernize their methods of production not only for purposes of enabling them to compete favorably in the local and international market, but also to reduce their costs of production. The study shows that technologies such as industrial robots, CAD (Computer Assisted Design), manufacturing systems that are very flexible, CAM (Computer Assisted Manufacturing), and communication systems that are highly advanced are extensively being introduced in industries such as banking, metal working, motor vehicle and steel industry a move that has tremendously increased their productivity (Katz Murphy, 1992, p. 44). There are generally few employees who have lost their jobs because of changes in technology. Some experts postulate that when the economy is strong, the introduction of new technology or technological change can be very consistent with minimal displacement of workers and high levels of employment (Goos Manning, 2003, p. 22). Moreover, most industries generally spend on new technology when there is a considerable growth in employment and economic expansion. Supporting this view, Card and Lemieux, (2001, p. 13), postulate that in the 1950’s when computers were introduced in the United States for purposes of office data applications, there were predictions by some experts that a huge number of kindred and clerical workers were likely to lose their jobs, and that other job opportunities would be curtailed by such an introduction. Nevertheless, there has been an increase in the employment of clerical workers over the past few decades. In fact, over the last decade the growth in employment opportunities within the economy of the United States there was a rapid growth clerical work in both relative as well as absolute terms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What has been the impact of technological change on workers? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It goes without saying that the introduction of new technologies such as microcomputers makes it possible to perform tasks that were previously impractical in the sense that such tasks were time consuming and too costly to perform. Technological change allows workers particularly those performing the management function to prepare analysis and reports that in the past would have been very expensive. Thus the introduction of new technology increased the range of activities for different industries and players in the economy, creating numerous opportunities for employment. In addition, new job opportunities emerged because of the introduction of new technologies such as microcomputers. Such occupations include among others; programmer, tape librarian, keypunch operator, systems analyst, and console operator. Computer industries were set up to produce more computers not to mention the other industries that were set up to produce related equipments. All these industries generated employment opportunities for many work ers in different areas. Analysts of technological change are of the view that there is a need for industries and firms to institute viable strategies to train their employees to enable them embrace new technologies whenever they are introduced. In the words of Berman (1998, p. 1246), technological change also brings about increased productivity and boost efficiency in different activities that workers undertake. Undeniably, technological changes have a positive impact on the growth in productivity of a given industry. This is because with new technology such as CAM, CAD, robots, and other advanced technologies are capable of reducing the unit of labor required for production. There is a change in the structure of occupations due to the new technologies. The groups that are increasing in importance because of technological change include: computer systems analysts, and programmers, technical and Professional workers, to mention but a few. In addition, technological change is also mod ifying the content of jobs. There seems to be an agreement among economist in the recent years that the impact of technology has had a positive influence in terms of the increase in the total demand for the labor force. In the argument postulated by Acemoglu (2000, p. 52) this is explained by the fact that there has been a massive increase in the real wages of workers and no distinct trends in the rates of unemployment have been directly linked to technological changes over time.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nonetheless, it is pertinent to mention that whenever changes take place, there are those who are favored by such changes and those who suffer as a consequence. Technological change is no different from other changes and as such there are those who lose their jobs and others who are favored by such changes. Those who suffer out of the changes are often given more attention and sympathized with than the beneficiaries of technological change. A good example to illustrate the foregoing argument of technological change can be found in the introduction of the mechanical loom which came to being at the begging of the nineteenth century. The introduction of mechanical looms brought about a tremendous increase in the output in weaving. Consequently, increasing by far the output that could have been produced manually by a weaver and the cost of clothing reduced. According to Johnson (1997, p. 44), the lower cost of clothing further resulted in a rise in the demand for clothing; nonetheless, this demand for clothing was not sufficient for purposes of retaining all weaving jobs that were previously in existence. As a result, there was a striking decrease in the job opportunities for weavers, particularly amongst those weavers who did not embrace the new technology and continued with their traditional handloom. Most of those weavers who lost their employment owing to the introduction of mechanical looms lost their source of income and poverty became rampant amongst them. The hand- loom weavers therefore, became the most visible losers in regard to the introduction of the mechanical loom technology and their misfortune was associated with the new technology. But the beneficiaries of the introduced technology were harder to spot. The decrease in the cost of producing cloths led to a reduced price on clothing and as such, a majority of people had an extra coin to spend on other things apart from clothing, increasing job opportunities geared towards the production of those ot her goods and services (Jerome, 1997, p. 28). According to Goos Manning, (2003, p. 18) the cost of technological changes is the loss of jobs. Technological changes that are geared towards labor saving have eliminated jobs opportunities and are continuing to decrease employment opportunities in the job sector as a whole. The accelerated technological change is therefore perceived by a number of commentators as a move towards an eventual elimination of job opportunities in the job sector (Goos Manning, 2003, p. 24). In his argument, Hecker (2004) warns that, with the current state of technological advancement, the market place will fall short of adequate work opportunities for purposes of keeping the population engaged. Perhaps one of the renowned proponents of the fact that technological changes reduce the general demand for workforce is Karl Marx. In his argument, Marx, 1965, postulated that there is a very big possibility of a double fall in wages during the process of developmen t. The first fall in wage according to him is relative and in proportion to the general wealth development; secondly, the fall in wage is also absolute following the fact that the quantity of commodities received by the workers in exchange continues to reduce (Krueger, 1993, p. 36). The link between technological change and wage inequality among workers has raised concerns among labor economist. The study shows that technological change has contributed greatly in the wage inequality in the labor market particularly the development or introduction of microcomputers in the labor market (Berman, 1998, p. 1258). Confirming this fact Kutz (1999, p. 43) postulate that in the early 1980s there was an increase in the wage inequality which was as a result of the invention of microcomputers just a few years earlier. It has also been suggested that another factor that can explain wage inequality as a result of technological change is the fact that unlike less-skilled workers, the highly skille d workers are more likely to make the most of computers at their jobs (Hounshell, 1994, p. 23). Basing on the aforementioned facts most of the literature regarding wage inequality seem to unanimously concur in the fact that following the invention and eventual introduction of new technology especially microcomputers, led to a relative increase in the demand for workers who were highly skilled. Consequently, there was a dramatic increase in the earning inequalities. Needless to say, this hypothesis that the introduction of new technological change brings about an increase in the demand for workers who are highly skilled, which in turn culminate to an increase in the wage disparity has often been referred to as the SBTC (Skill-Biased Technical Change) hypothesis (Berman, 1998, p. 1256). Conclusion Indeed, there are a number of benefits that technological change has on workers. From the foregoing discussion, the benefits of technological change outweigh the costs that that accrue. Some of the technological changes that have been witnessed in the past few years include among others CAM (Computer Assisted Manufacturing), industrial robots, CAD (Computer Assisted Design), communication systems that are highly advanced and manufacturing systems that are very flexible. Some experts postulate that there are a number of benefits that are brought about by technological change to all groups within the general public. To them changes are not revolutionary but rather they are more evolutionary in nature and as such technological change and technology in general generate more jobs contrary to beliefs that technology reduces job opportunities Critics of technological change on the other hand urge that technological change has instead lead to loss of jobs for thousands of workers both in offices and plants, especially the introduction of innovations that are geared towards laborsaving. Some of the benefits of technological change include among others to enable workers particul arly those performing the management function to prepare analysis and reports that in the past would have been very expensive. It has also been suggested that when the economy is strong, the introduction of new technology or technological change can be very consistent with minimal displacement of workers and high levels of employment. Moreover, most industries generally spend on new technology when there is a considerable growth in employment and economic expansion (Brenham, 1999, p. 330). It is worth noting that there is a general consensus among commentators regarding the current technological changes that such changes has opened up better possibilities for the future. As a matter of fact, the change in technology especially at workplaces has increased productivity which in turn has added enormous value to various industries. Introduction of new technologies such as microcomputers makes it possible to perform tasks that were previously impractical in the sense that such tasks were time consuming and too costly to perform (Wolff, 1996, p. 34). In addition, new job opportunities are likely to emerge because of the introduction of new technologies such as microcomputers. Such occupations include among others; programmer, tape librarian, a keypunch operator, systems analyst, and console operator. Thus the introduction of new technology increases the range of activities for different industries and players in the economy, creating numerous opportunities for employment. In addition the impact of technology has had a positive influence in terms of an increase in the total demand for labor force (Bresnahan, 1999, p. 392). Critics of technological change, however, argue that technological change has contributed greatly in the wage inequality in the labor market particularly the introduction of microcomputers in the labor market. The accelerated technological change is therefore perceived by a number of commentators as a move towards an eventual elimination of job opp ortunities in the job sector. Other critics have even warned that, with the current state of technological advancement, the market place will fall short of adequate work opportunities for purposes of keeping the population occupied. To a greater extent therefore, technological change has brought more benefits to workers which outweighs the cost. References Acemoglu, D. (2000). Technical Change, Inequality, and the Labor Market. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Berman, E. (1998). Implications of Skill-Biased Technological Change: International Evidence. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113 (3), 1245 – 1279. Bresnahan, T. (1999). Computerization and Wage Dispersion: An Analytical Reinterpretation. Economic Journal, 109 (1), 390 – 415. Caselli, F. (1999). Technological Revolutions. American Economic Review, 89 (1), 78 – 102. Goos, M. Manning, A. (2003). Lousy and Lovely Jobs: the Rising Polarization of Work in Britain. London: John Wiley Sons. Hounshell, D. (1994). From the American System to Mass Production, 1800-1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Jerome, M. (1997). Technological Change and Employment: Some Results from BLS Research. Monthly Labor Review, 110 (4), 26–29. Johnson, G. (1997). Changes in Earnings Inequality: The Role of Demand Shifts. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11 (6), 41 – 54. Katz, L. Murphy, K. (1992). Changes in Relative Wages, 1963- 1987 – Supply and Demand Factors. Quarterly Journal of Economics, February, 107 (1), 35–78. Krueger, A. (1993). How Computers Have Changed the Wage Structure: Evidence from Micro Data. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108 (1), 33 – 60. Levy, F. Murnane, R. (2003). The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118 (4), 1279-1334. Wolff, E. (1996). The Growth of Information Workers in the U.S. Economy, 1 950-1990: The Role of Technological Change, Computerization, and Structural Change,† C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics. New York: New York University press. This essay on What has been the impact of technological change on workers? was written and submitted by user Liberty Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Social Inequality Minorities Essays

Social Inequality Minorities Essays Social Inequality Minorities Essay Social Inequality Minorities Essay Social Inequality and Minorities in the United States In this course I have learned about many different kinds of social problems in societies around the world and in the United States, such as poverty, social inequality, race and cultural discrimination, gender stratification, environmental damage, population growth, and urbanization. I chose my final essay to be on Social Inequality and Minorities in the United States. For me this subject raises many points of our daily life and brings us to the point of reality in our world. My paper will discuss why is deviance found in all societies? How does who and what are defined as deviant reflect social inequality? What effect has punishment had in reducing crime in the United States? Let’s start off with what are social inequities and what is minorities? Social inequality refers to a lack of social equality, where individuals in a society do not have equal social status. Areas of potential social inequality include voting rights, freedom of speech and assembly, the extent of property rights and access to education, health care and other social goods. Inequality is socially created by matching two different kinds of processes. The social roles in society are first matched to ‘reward packages’ of unequal value and individual members of society are then allocated to the positions so defined and rewarded† Social inequality is different from economic inequality but the two inequalities are linked. Economic inequality refers to disparities in the distribution of economic assets and income. While economi c inequality is caused by the unequal distribution of wealth, social inequality exists because the lack of wealth in certain areas prohibits these people from obtaining the same housing, health care, etc. s the wealthy in societies where access to these social goods depends on wealth. â€Å"The degree of inequality in a given reward or asset depends, of course, on its dispersion or concentration across the individuals in the population†. (Dictionary. com) I also feel economic inequalities goes well with these examples before I go further†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Economic inequality refers to disparities in the distribution of economic assets and income. The term typically refers to inequality among individuals and groups within a society, but can also refer to inequality among nations. Economic Inequality generally refers to equality of outcome, and is related to the idea of equality of opportunity. It is a contested issue whether economic inequality is a positive or negative phenomenon, both on utilitarian and moral grounds. Economic inequality has existed in a wide range of societies and historical periods; its nature, cause and importance are open to broad debate. A countrys economic structure or system (for example, capitalism or socialism), ongoing or past wars, and differences in individuals abilities to create wealth are all involved in the creation of economic inequality. The existence of different genders, races and cultures within a society is also thought to contribute to economic inequality. Some psychologists such as Richard Lynn argue that there are innate group differences in ability that are partially responsible for producing race and gender group differences in wealth (see also race and intelligence, sex and intelligence) though this assertion is highly controversial. The idea of the gender gap tries to explain differences in income between genders. Culture and religion are thought to play a role in creating inequality by either encouraging or discouraging wealth-acquiring behavior, and by providing a basis for discrimination. In many countries individuals belonging to certain racial and ethnic minorities are more likely to be poor. Proposed causes include cultural differences amongst different races, an educational achievement gap, and racism. Now let’s take a look at minorities’ definition as I thought was the best way to describe as a minority or subordinate group is a sociological group that does not constitute a politically dominant voting majority of the total population of a given society. A sociological minority is not necessarily a numerical minority - it may include any group that is disadvantaged with respect to a dominant group in terms of social status, education, employment, wealth and political power. To avoid confusion, some writers prefer the terms subordinate group and dominant group rather than minority and majority, respectively. In socioeconomics, the term minority typically refers to a socially subordination ethnic group (understood in terms of language, nationality, religion and/or culture). Other minority groups include people with disabilities, economic minorities (working poor or unemployed), age minorities (who are younger or older than a typical working age) and sexual minorities. The term minority group often occurs alongside a discourse of civil rights and collective rights which gained prominence in the 20th century. Members of minority groups are prone to different treatment in the countries and societies in which they live. This discrimination may be directly based on an individuals perceived membership of a minority group, without consideration of that individuals personal achievement. It may also occur indirectly, due to social structures that are not equally accessible to all. Activists campaigning on a range of issues may use the language of minority rights, including student rights, consumer rights and animal rights. In recent years, some members of social groups traditionally perceived as dominant have attempted to present themselves as an oppressed minority, such as white, middle-class heterosexual males. Every large society contains ethnic minorities. They may be migrant, indigenous or landless nomadic communities. In some places, subordinate ethnic groups may constitute a numerical majority, such as Blacks in South Africa under apartheid. International criminal law can protect the rights of racial or ethnic minorities in a number of ways; the right to self-determination is a key issue. (Dictionary. com) As many of us know social inequalities and minorities are the discrimination of our world. We class and judge all types of minorities; even though we all know we should not we still peruse others falsely and judgmentally. Treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individual merit; partiality or prejudice: racial discrimination. Unfortunately this is something that Americans deal with every day. Weather it is at school, at work or even in a public space, racial discrimination has been haunting our nation for hundreds of years now. There are many factors that go into determining the path a persons life may take; the most significant of these is the social class into which he or she is born. Every modern society has a class society. Each of these societies has based its civilization, its culture, its technology, on the oppression of the majority by a minority. Class is vitally important in understanding social inequalities suffered globally by the races which comprise our world, but also it extends more specifically into the different ethnicities which comprise a race. Why is deviance found in all societies? Although we tend to view deviance as the free choice or personal failings of individuals, all behavior- deviance as well as conformity- is shaped by society. Deviance varies according to cultural norms. No thought or action is inherently deviant; it becomes deviant only in relation to particular norms. Around the world, deviance is even more diverse Albania outlaws any public display of religious faith, such as â€Å"crossing† oneself; Cuba and Vietnam can prosecute citizens for meeting with foreigners; Malaysia does not allow tight-fitting jeans for women; police in Iran can arrest a woman simply for wearing makeup. People become deviant as others define them that way. Everyone violates cultural norms at one time or another. For example, have you ever walked around talking to yourself or â€Å"borrowed† a pen from your workplace? Whether such behavior defines us as criminal or mentally ill depends on how others perceive, define, and respond to it. Both norms and the way people define situations involve social power. The law is the means by which powerful people protect their interests. A homeless person who stands on a street corner speaking out against the government risks arrest for disturbing the peace; a mayoral candidate during an election campaign does exactly the same thing and gets police protection. In short, norms and how we apply them reflect social inequality. How does who and what are defined as deviant reflect social inequality? The social-conflict approach links deviance to social inequality. That is, who or what is labeled â€Å"deviant† depends on which categories of people hold power in a society. Social-conflict theory explains this pattern in three ways. First, all norms and especially the laws of any society generally reflect the interests of the rich and powerful. People who threaten the wealthy, either by taking their property or by pushing for a more egalitarian society, are labeled â€Å"common thieves† or â€Å"political radicals. Karl Marx, a major architect of the social-conflict approach, argued that the law (and all social institutions) supports the interests of the rich; or as Richard Quinney puts it, â€Å"Capitalist justice is by the capitalist class, for the capitalist class, and against the working class†. Second, even if their behavior is called into question, the powerful have the resources to resist deviant labels. The majority of the corporate executives involved in recent scandals have yet to be arrested; very few have gone to jail. Third, the widespread belief that norms and laws are natural and good masks their political character. For this reason, although we may condemn the unequal application of the law, most of us give little thought to whether the laws themselves are inherently unfair (Quinney, 1977). What effect has punishment had in reducing crime in the United States? When asked this question the first thing I thought of was the four justification of punishment in our text book. Which is Retribution The oldest justification for punishment? Punishment is society’s revenge for a moral wrong. In principle, punishment should be equal in severity to the deviance itself; deterrence an early modern approach. Deviance is considered social disruption, which society acts to control. People are viewed as rational and self-interested; deterrence works because the pain of punishment outweighs the pleasure of deviance. Rehabilitation a modern strategy linked to the development of social sciences. Deviance is viewed as the result of social problems (such as poverty) or personal problems (such as mental illness). Social conditions are improved; treatment is tailored to the offender’s condition. Societal protection is a modern approach easier to carry out than rehabilitation. If society is unable or unwilling to rehabilitate offenders or reform social conditions, people are protected by the imprisonment or execution of the offender. Currently, 2 million people are imprisoned in the United States. In response to tougher public attitudes and an increasing number of drug-related arrests, the U. S. prison population has tripled since 1980. The size of the inmate population is going up in most other high-income nations as well. Yet the United States imprisons a larger share of its population than any other country in the world. Certainly, punishment deters some crime. Yet our society has a high rate of criminal recidivism, later offenses by people previously convicted of crimes. About three-fourths of state prisoners have been jailed before, and about half will be back within a few years after release. So does punishment really deter crime? Only about one-third of all crimes are known to police; of these, only about one in five results in an arrest. The old saying â€Å"crime doesn’t pay† rings hollow when we consider these statistics. As we can certainly see social inequalities are in each of our lives as well as our judicial system and there are still many discriminatory differences in the United States. Knowing what is right and wrong in these circumstances makes us knowledgeable in making a difference in the world. Minorities and social inequalities are a part of who we are as a society. It is what we built around us. We all have our thoughts on what makes discrimination harmful, I truly feel it is up to us to change our social inequalities and minorities

An Intangible Weight to Carry

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Inflation and Government Economic Policies Essay

Inflation and Government Economic Policies - Essay Example Economists tend to view moderate inflation favorably as it enables an economy to withstand a recession and empowers monetary policies to stabilize the economy. Additionally, inflation serves as a benchmark for a growing economy. Inflation may be regulated through monetary and fiscal policies by the monetary authorities. The Consumer Price Index is a measure of variations in the cost of a basket of commodities bought by households in a given period. Inflation can be quantified as the annual positive change in the Index. As shown in Table 1, since 2000 the C.P.I. has maintained a steady rise, except for 2009 when it fell (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics., 2015). Such an increase in the Consumer Price Index has been due to increased buying by the consumer. The desire to have the latest electronic gadget has primarily contributed to the increased purchasing, resulting in a positive change in the C.P.I. Additionally, C.P.I has been affected by the amount of disposable income and the relative prices of competing commodities. On the other hand, Producer Price Index (P.P.I) is an average measure of the change in the retailing prices paid to internal producers for their output. While the P.P.I has always been in constant flux, the change in the prices has always been a positive change. The increases in producer prices are due to the increasing cost of raw materials and sources of energy. Due to the constantly fluctuating prices of oil, which is a major raw material or source of energy, the P.P.I has always reflected the flux experienced in the global oil prices. In 2009, PPI experienced a negative change due to falling prices of raw materials during the financial crisis as shown in Table 2 (U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics., 2015). Consumer Expenditure Survey (C.E) is a federal survey that tracks the purchasing behavior of American consumers through the Quarterly Interview Survey and the Diary Survey. Since